Bài 1.4 trang 3 Sách bài tập Hóa học 11: Giải thích tại sao khả năng dẫn điện của nước vôi trong (dung dịch Ca <svg style="display: inline-block; position: relative; top: -4px;" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="6.7ex" height="2.843ex" viewBox="0 -863.1 2884.9 1223.9" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="MathJax-SVG-1-Title"><title id="MathJax-SVG-1-Title">(OH)_{2}</title><defs aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-4F" d="M740 435Q740 320 676 213T511 42T304 -22Q207 -22 138 35T51 201Q50 209 50 244Q50 346 98 438T227 601Q351 704 476 704Q514 704 524 703Q621 689 680 617T740 435ZM637 476Q637 565 591 615T476 665Q396 665 322 605Q242 542 200 428T157 216Q157 126 200 73T314 19Q404 19 485 98T608 313Q637 408 637 476Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-48" d="M228 637Q194 637 192 641Q191 643 191 649Q191 673 202 682Q204 683 219 683Q260 681 355 681Q389 681 418 681T463 682T483 682Q499 682 499 672Q499 670 497 658Q492 641 487 638H485Q483 638 480 638T473 638T464 637T455 637Q416 636 405 634T387 623Q384 619 355 500Q348 474 340 442T328 395L324 380Q324 378 469 378H614L615 381Q615 384 646 504Q674 619 674 627T617 637Q594 637 587 639T580 648Q580 650 582 660Q586 677 588 679T604 682Q609 682 646 681T740 680Q802 680 835 681T871 682Q888 682 888 672Q888 645 876 638H874Q872 638 869 638T862 638T853 637T844 637Q805 636 794 634T776 623Q773 618 704 340T634 58Q634 51 638 51Q646 48 692 46H723Q729 38 729 37T726 19Q722 6 716 0H701Q664 2 567 2Q533 2 504 2T458 2T437 1Q420 1 420 10Q420 15 423 24Q428 43 433 45Q437 46 448 46H454Q481 46 514 49Q520 50 522 50T528 55T534 64T540 82T547 110T558 153Q565 181 569 198Q602 330 602 331T457 332H312L279 197Q245 63 245 58Q245 51 253 49T303 46H334Q340 38 340 37T337 19Q333 6 327 0H312Q275 2 178 2Q144 2 115 2T69 2T48 1Q31 1 31 10Q31 12 34 24Q39 43 44 45Q48 46 59 46H65Q92 46 125 49Q139 52 144 61Q147 65 216 339T285 628Q285 635 228 637Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-29" d="M60 749L64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12T224 -76T186 -143T145 -194T113 -227T90 -246Q87 -249 86 -250H74Q66 -250 63 -250T58 -247T55 -238Q56 -237 66 -225Q221 -64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738Q55 746 60 749Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-28" x="0" y="0"></use> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-4F" x="389" y="0"></use> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-48" x="1153" y="0"></use><g transform="translate(2041,0)"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-29" x="0" y="0"></use> <use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-32" x="550" y="-213"></use></g></g></svg> trong nước) để trong không khí giảm dần theo thời gian.

Vì Ca <svg style="display: inline-block; position: relative; top: -4px;" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="6.7ex" height="2.843ex" viewBox="0 -863.1 2884.9 1223.9" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="MathJax-SVG-1-Title"><title id="MathJax-SVG-1-Title">(OH)_{2}</title><defs aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-4F" d="M740 435Q740 320 676 213T511 42T304 -22Q207 -22 138 35T51 201Q50 209 50 244Q50 346 98 438T227 601Q351 704 476 704Q514 704 524 703Q621 689 680 617T740 435ZM637 476Q637 565 591 615T476 665Q396 665 322 605Q242 542 200 428T157 216Q157 126 200 73T314 19Q404 19 485 98T608 313Q637 408 637 476Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-48" d="M228 637Q194 637 192 641Q191 643 191 649Q191 673 202 682Q204 683 219 683Q260 681 355 681Q389 681 418 681T463 682T483 682Q499 682 499 672Q499 670 497 658Q492 641 487 638H485Q483 638 480 638T473 638T464 637T455 637Q416 636 405 634T387 623Q384 619 355 500Q348 474 340 442T328 395L324 380Q324 378 469 378H614L615 381Q615 384 646 504Q674 619 674 627T617 637Q594 637 587 639T580 648Q580 650 582 660Q586 677 588 679T604 682Q609 682 646 681T740 680Q802 680 835 681T871 682Q888 682 888 672Q888 645 876 638H874Q872 638 869 638T862 638T853 637T844 637Q805 636 794 634T776 623Q773 618 704 340T634 58Q634 51 638 51Q646 48 692 46H723Q729 38 729 37T726 19Q722 6 716 0H701Q664 2 567 2Q533 2 504 2T458 2T437 1Q420 1 420 10Q420 15 423 24Q428 43 433 45Q437 46 448 46H454Q481 46 514 49Q520 50 522 50T528 55T534 64T540 82T547 110T558 153Q565 181 569 198Q602 330 602 331T457 332H312L279 197Q245 63 245 58Q245 51 253 49T303 46H334Q340 38 340 37T337 19Q333 6 327 0H312Q275 2 178 2Q144 2 115 2T69 2T48 1Q31 1 31 10Q31 12 34 24Q39 43 44 45Q48 46 59 46H65Q92 46 125 49Q139 52 144 61Q147 65 216 339T285 628Q285 635 228 637Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-29" d="M60 749L64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12T224 -76T186 -143T145 -194T113 -227T90 -246Q87 -249 86 -250H74Q66 -250 63 -250T58 -247T55 -238Q56 -237 66 -225Q221 -64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738Q55 746 60 749Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-28" x="0" y="0"></use> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-4F" x="389" y="0"></use> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-48" x="1153" y="0"></use><g transform="translate(2041,0)"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-29" x="0" y="0"></use> <use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-32" x="550" y="-213"></use></g></g></svg> hấp thụ <svg style="display: inline-block; position: relative; top: -4px;" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="3.983ex" height="2.509ex" viewBox="0 -791.3 1714.9 1080.4" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="MathJax-SVG-1-Title"><title id="MathJax-SVG-1-Title">C0_{2}</title><defs aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-43" d="M50 252Q50 367 117 473T286 641T490 704Q580 704 633 653Q642 643 648 636T656 626L657 623Q660 623 684 649Q691 655 699 663T715 679T725 690L740 705H746Q760 705 760 698Q760 694 728 561Q692 422 692 421Q690 416 687 415T669 413H653Q647 419 647 422Q647 423 648 429T650 449T651 481Q651 552 619 605T510 659Q484 659 454 652T382 628T299 572T226 479Q194 422 175 346T156 222Q156 108 232 58Q280 24 350 24Q441 24 512 92T606 240Q610 253 612 255T628 257Q648 257 648 248Q648 243 647 239Q618 132 523 55T319 -22Q206 -22 128 53T50 252Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-43" x="0" y="0"></use><g transform="translate(760,0)"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-30" x="0" y="0"></use> <use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-32" x="707" y="-213"></use></g></g></svg> trong không khí tạo thành kết tủa <svg style="display: inline-block; position: relative; top: -4px;" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="6.979ex" height="2.509ex" viewBox="0 -791.3 3004.9 1080.4" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="MathJax-SVG-1-Title"><title id="MathJax-SVG-1-Title">CaC0_{3}</title><defs aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-43" d="M50 252Q50 367 117 473T286 641T490 704Q580 704 633 653Q642 643 648 636T656 626L657 623Q660 623 684 649Q691 655 699 663T715 679T725 690L740 705H746Q760 705 760 698Q760 694 728 561Q692 422 692 421Q690 416 687 415T669 413H653Q647 419 647 422Q647 423 648 429T650 449T651 481Q651 552 619 605T510 659Q484 659 454 652T382 628T299 572T226 479Q194 422 175 346T156 222Q156 108 232 58Q280 24 350 24Q441 24 512 92T606 240Q610 253 612 255T628 257Q648 257 648 248Q648 243 647 239Q618 132 523 55T319 -22Q206 -22 128 53T50 252Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-61" d="M33 157Q33 258 109 349T280 441Q331 441 370 392Q386 422 416 422Q429 422 439 414T449 394Q449 381 412 234T374 68Q374 43 381 35T402 26Q411 27 422 35Q443 55 463 131Q469 151 473 152Q475 153 483 153H487Q506 153 506 144Q506 138 501 117T481 63T449 13Q436 0 417 -8Q409 -10 393 -10Q359 -10 336 5T306 36L300 51Q299 52 296 50Q294 48 292 46Q233 -10 172 -10Q117 -10 75 30T33 157ZM351 328Q351 334 346 350T323 385T277 405Q242 405 210 374T160 293Q131 214 119 129Q119 126 119 118T118 106Q118 61 136 44T179 26Q217 26 254 59T298 110Q300 114 325 217T351 328Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-43" x="0" y="0"></use> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-61" x="760" y="0"></use> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-43" x="1290" y="0"></use><g transform="translate(2050,0)"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-30" x="0" y="0"></use> <use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-33" x="707" y="-213"></use></g></g></svg> và <svg style="display: inline-block; position: relative; top: -4px;" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="2.985ex" height="2.509ex" viewBox="0 -791.3 1285.4 1080.4" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="MathJax-SVG-1-Title"><title id="MathJax-SVG-1-Title">H_{2}</title><defs aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMATHI-48" d="M228 637Q194 637 192 641Q191 643 191 649Q191 673 202 682Q204 683 219 683Q260 681 355 681Q389 681 418 681T463 682T483 682Q499 682 499 672Q499 670 497 658Q492 641 487 638H485Q483 638 480 638T473 638T464 637T455 637Q416 636 405 634T387 623Q384 619 355 500Q348 474 340 442T328 395L324 380Q324 378 469 378H614L615 381Q615 384 646 504Q674 619 674 627T617 637Q594 637 587 639T580 648Q580 650 582 660Q586 677 588 679T604 682Q609 682 646 681T740 680Q802 680 835 681T871 682Q888 682 888 672Q888 645 876 638H874Q872 638 869 638T862 638T853 637T844 637Q805 636 794 634T776 623Q773 618 704 340T634 58Q634 51 638 51Q646 48 692 46H723Q729 38 729 37T726 19Q722 6 716 0H701Q664 2 567 2Q533 2 504 2T458 2T437 1Q420 1 420 10Q420 15 423 24Q428 43 433 45Q437 46 448 46H454Q481 46 514 49Q520 50 522 50T528 55T534 64T540 82T547 110T558 153Q565 181 569 198Q602 330 602 331T457 332H312L279 197Q245 63 245 58Q245 51 253 49T303 46H334Q340 38 340 37T337 19Q333 6 327 0H312Q275 2 178 2Q144 2 115 2T69 2T48 1Q31 1 31 10Q31 12 34 24Q39 43 44 45Q48 46 59 46H65Q92 46 125 49Q139 52 144 61Q147 65 216 339T285 628Q285 635 228 637Z"></path><path stroke-width="1" id="E1-MJMAIN-32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#E1-MJMATHI-48" x="0" y="0"></use> <use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#E1-MJMAIN-32" x="1175" y="-213"></use></g></svg> 0 làm giảm nồng độ các ion trong dung dịch :

Bài 1.4 trang 3 SBT Hóa học 11